TOSCA Automation Tutorial

 

What is Tosca?

Tosca is an automation testing tool developed by Tricentis. It is widely used in software testing to automate different types of applications without requiring heavy coding skills. Because of its model-based approach, testers can create and maintain test cases more easily compared to traditional automation tools.

Tosca is commonly used for web applications, APIs, mobile apps, SAP systems, and desktop applications. It also supports end-to-end testing, which helps in validating complete business workflows.

Why Companies Use Tosca

Companies prefer Tosca mainly because it simplifies automation testing and reduces development effort. Unlike many traditional tools that require strong programming knowledge, Tosca allows testers to build automation with minimal coding.

Some key reasons include:

• It reduces dependency on coding skills, making it easier for manual testers to switch to automation
• Test cases can be created and maintained quickly
• It supports multiple technologies in a single platform
• It is highly useful for large enterprise applications
• Both UI and API testing can be managed in one tool

Because of these advantages, many enterprise-level organizations choose Tosca for large and complex testing projects.

Tosca Architecture

Tosca follows a structured architecture where different components work together to manage test creation, execution, and reporting.

1. Tosca Commander

Tosca Commander is the main working interface of the tool. It is used to create test cases, manage test data, execute tests, and generate reports.

2. Tosca XScan

XScan is used to identify and scan elements of an application such as buttons, text fields, dropdowns, and links. These scanned elements are then used to build automation modules.

3. Test Repository

This is where reusable test modules and scanned objects are stored. It helps in reducing duplication and improves efficiency in test creation.

4. Execution Lists

Execution Lists are used to organize test cases and run them in a structured way. This makes test execution easier and more controlled.    

5. TestCase Section

This section contains all the automation test cases created in Tosca. Testers can manage, update, and reuse them as needed.

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Error, Defect (Bug), and Failure in Software Testing

 In software development, the terms error, defect/Bug, and failure are generally used together. Many people suppose these words mean the same thing, but actually they are different. Let’s understand them in simple words.

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1. Error

An error is a human mistake made during the software development process. It happens when a developer, tester, or analyst does something wrong.

This could be:

• Misunderstanding a requirement
• Writing incorrect logic
• Using a wrong formula
• Making a typing mistake in the code

In simple words, an error is an incorrect human action.

For example, if a developer writes the wrong calculation formula in a banking application, that is an error.

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2. Defect (Bug)

A defect (also called a bug) is the result of an error found in the software. When the code with an error is tested, and it does not behave as expected, the tester identifies and reports it as a defect.

In short:
An error is made by a human → when it is found in the software, it becomes a defect.

For example, if the banking application calculates interest incorrectly because of a wrong formula, the tester will report it as a defect.

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3. Failure

A failure happens when the software does not perform as expected in real use. This usually occurs when a defect is not fixed and the software is released to customers.

In simple words, failure is when the system actually breaks or gives wrong output while running.

For example, if customers see wrong interest calculations in the live banking system, that is a failure.

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Relationship Between Error, Defect, and Failure

The connection between them is very simple:

Error (human mistake) → Defect (problem in software) → Failure (problem experienced by user)

 

 

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How to Get a Job in Software Testing (India) – Resume + Interview Tips (2026 Guide)

Software testing is one of the most in-demand IT jobs (careers) in India. Over the last few years, in India, a lots of startup IT companies have started hiring more software testing engineers as businesses move online.

If you're a fresher, career switcher, or IT graduate, this guide will help you understand:

✅ How to start a career in software testing.

✅ What skills and abilities do you require

✅ How to create a good resume

✅ How to prepare for interviews/job

✅ How to actually hired in India

1️. Understand the Types of Software Testing Jobs

Before applying, you must know the different roles available:

🔹 Manual Testing

• Writing test cases
• Executing test cases
• Reporting bugs
• Understanding SDLC & STLC

Best for beginners and freshers.

🔹 Automation Testing

• Writing scripts using tools like Selenium
• Using programming languages (Java, Python)
• Working with frameworks (TestNG, JUnit)

High demand + higher salary growth.

🔹 Other Testing Roles

• API Testing (Postman, Rest Assured)
• Performance Testing (JMeter)
• Mobile Testing (Appium)
• Security Testing

👉 Tip: Start with Manual Testing basics and then move to Automation for better growth.

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2️. Skills Required to Get a Software Testing Job in India

Here’s what companies usually expect:

🧠 Technical Skills

• SDLC & STLC concepts
• Test Case writing
• Bug Lifecycle
• Basic SQL Queries
• Basic knowledge of Selenium (for automation)
• API Testing basics

💬 Soft Skills

• Good communication
• Logical thinking
• Attention to detail
• Analytical mindset

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3️. How to Create a Strong Software Testing Resume (For Freshers)

Your resume should be:

✔️ 1–2 pages maximum
✔️ Clear and professional
✔️ No spelling mistakes

📄 Resume Structure

1. Professional Summary (3–4 lines)
Example:

Detail-oriented Software Testing fresher with strong knowledge of Manual Testing, STLC, and Bug Reporting. Familiar with Selenium and SQL basics. Looking for an entry-level QA role.

2. Technical Skills Section

• Manual Testing
• Selenium (Basic)
• SQL
• Test Case Design
• Bug Tracking Tools (JIRA, Bugzilla)

3. Academic Project
Mention:

• Project name
• Your role
• What testing you performed
• Tools used

Example:

Performed functional and regression testing for an E-commerce website project. Wrote 50+ test cases and reported bugs using JIRA.

4. Certifications (Optional but Helpful)

• Software Testing Course
• Selenium Training

👉 Important: Add real-time project experience (even if it’s self-practice project).

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4️. Resume Tips That Increase Selection Chances

• Use keywords like: Manual Testing, Selenium, SQL, STLC
• Keep formatting clean
• Don’t copy resume from friends
• Customize resume according to job description
• Use action words: “Executed”, “Designed”, “Analyzed”, “Reported”

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5️. How to Prepare for Software Testing Interview (India)

📌 Common Manual Testing Interview Questions

1. What is SDLC and STLC?
2. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?
3. What is Regression Testing?
4. Explain Bug Life Cycle.
5. How do you write a test case?

👉 Practice answering clearly with examples.

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📌 Common Automation Testing Questions

1. What is Selenium?
2. Difference between findElement and findElements?
3. What is TestNG?
4. What are different types of waits in Selenium?
5. Explain Page Object Model (POM).

👉 If you don’t know coding deeply, at least understand concepts.

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6️. How to Actually Get a Job in Software Testing (Step-by-Step)

Step 1: Learn Basics (1–2 months)

• Manual Testing
• SQL basics
• Basic Selenium

Step 2: Practice Daily

• Create dummy projects
• Write test cases
• Practice interview questions

Step 3: Create LinkedIn Profile

• Add skills
• Connect with HRs
• Post about your learning

Step 4: Apply Smartly

Apply on:

• Naukri
• LinkedIn
• Indeed
• Company career pages

Don’t just apply — message recruiters politely.

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7️. Salary Expectations in India (2026)

• Fresher (Manual Testing): ₹2.5–4 LPA
• Automation Tester (1–3 years): ₹4–8 LPA
• Senior QA: ₹10+ LPA

Salary depends on skills, location, and company.

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8️. Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Only theory knowledge
❌ No practical project
❌ Poor communication
❌ Copy-paste resume
❌ Not practicing mock interviews

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9️. Final Advice for Freshers

• Don’t wait for “perfect preparation”
• Start applying early
• Keep improving skills
• Focus on Automation after basics
• Stay consistent

Software Testing is a stable and growing career in India. With the right skills and preparation, you can land your first QA job within 3–6 months.

 

 

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What is Testing and Full details about Testing

"Testing" in the context of software development is the process of evaluating and verifying that a software application or system functions as expected. It involves executing the software to identify bugs, defects, or areas where it deviates from the intended behavior. Testing ensures that the product meets the required specifications and quality standards before it is deployed or released to end-users.

1. Purpose of Testing

Software testing  is essential in the software development lifecycle (SDLC). Its primary purposes include:

• Bug Identification: Detecting defects or errors in the software that could lead to crashes, incorrect results, or security vulnerabilities.
• Validation and Verification: Ensuring that the software meets the functional and non-functional requirements outlined by stakeholders.
• Quality Assurance: Providing confidence that the software is reliable, secure, and performs well under various conditions.
• User Satisfaction: Ensuring that the end product is user-friendly and delivers a good user experience.

2. Types of Testing

There are various types of software testing, each with a distinct function. They can be broadly categorized into manual testing and automated testing. Here are some common types:

a. Manual Testing:

• Exploratory Testing: Involves exploring the software without predefined test cases, focusing on discovering unexpected behavior.
• Usability Testing: Checks how user-friendly the application is by evaluating the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX).
• Regression Testing: Ensures that recent changes or bug fixes do not negatively impact the existing functionality.
• Smoke Testing: A preliminary check to see if the most critical functions of the software are working correctly before conducting deeper tests.

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How to Make Folder from excel

Today we know that How to make folder from excel

To create a folder from an Excel file, you can follow these steps:

1.  Open the File Explorer on your computer
2. Navigate to the location where you want to create the new folder.
3. Right-click on the empty space in the File Explorer window and select "New" from the context menu.
4. Select "Folder" from the sub-menu that appears.
5. Give the folder a name that you want to use.
6. Press Enter to create the folder.

Alternatively, if you want to create a folder using data from an Excel file, you can use a VBA macro to automate the process. Here is an example macro that creates a new folder using data from cell A1 in the active worksheet:

Press Alt+F11 to open the Visual Basic Editor.

Select "Insert" from the menu bar and choose "Module."

Paste the following code into the code window:

Folder creation code:--

Sub MakeFolders()

Dim Rng As Range

Dim maxRows, maxCols, r, c As Integer

Set Rng = Selection

maxRows = Rng.Rows.Count

maxCols = Rng.Columns.Count

For c = 1 To maxCols

r = 1

Do While r <= maxRows

If Len(Dir(ActiveWorkbook.Path & "\" & Rng(r, c), vbDirectory)) = 0 Then

MkDir (ActiveWorkbook.Path & "\" & Rng(r, c))

On Error Resume Next

End If

r = r + 1

Loop

Next c

End Sub

Press F5 or click the "Run" button to execute the macro. When the macro runs, it creates a new folder with the name specified in cell A1 of the active worksheet. You can modify the code to use a different cell reference or to create multiple folders at once if needed.

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Selenium Features and Limitations

 

Selenium Features

Selenium is an open-source tool that helps developers and testers automate web applications. It allows them to simulate user actions on a web browser and check if the application behaves as expected. This can help catch bugs and ensure the application works correctly before it is released to users. Selenium is free and widely used by developers and testers to automate their testing process. It provides a range of features to help developers and testers to automate web applications.

Selenium has a number of important features, including:

•         Cross-browser compatibility: Selenium supports multiple web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer.
•         Multi-language support: Selenium supports several programming languages like Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript, making it easier for developers to use their preferred language.
•        Record and playback: Selenium IDE allows users to record and playback test scripts, making it easier for users who are new to automation testing.
•        Support for various operating systems: Selenium supports multiple operating systems such as Windows, Mac, and Linux.
•         Parallel test execution: Selenium Grid enables parallel execution of tests on multiple browsers and platforms, thus reducing test execution time.
•         Integration with other tools: Selenium can be easily integrated with other testing tools like TestNG, JUnit, and Cucumber, making it easier for developers and testers to use it with their existing testing frameworks.
•         Cross-domain testing: Selenium can test applications that span across multiple domains, making it easier for testers to check the compatibility of an application across different environments.
•         Support for different locator strategies: Selenium supports multiple locator strategies like ID, Name, CSS Selector, Xpath, and Tag Name to identify elements on a web page.
•         Continuous integration: Selenium can be integrated with CI/CD tools like Jenkins and TeamCity, making it easier to automate the testing process as part of the continuous integration pipeline.
•         Headless browser testing: Selenium supports headless browser testing, allowing developers and testers to run tests without a graphical user interface. This can significantly reduce the test execution time and can be useful for testing applications that run on servers without a GUI.

Selenium Limitations

While Selenium is a powerful and widely used tool for automating web applications, it also has some limitations. Some of the key limitations of Selenium are:

•         Limited support for desktop applications: Selenium is primarily designed for automating web applications and has limited support for automating desktop applications.
•         Requires manual maintenance of test scripts: Test scripts created with Selenium require manual maintenance to keep them up-to-date with changes in the application under test.
•         Difficult to test non-web elements: Selenium is not well suited for testing non-web elements such as pop-up windows, system dialogs, and native OS features.
•         No built-in reporting: Selenium does not have built-in reporting capabilities, so users have to rely on third-party tools to generate reports.
•         Limited support for mobile testing: While Selenium can be used to automate mobile web testing, it has limited support for automating native mobile applications.
•         Requires technical expertise: Using Selenium requires technical expertise and programming skills, making it challenging for non-technical team members to use.
•         Can be slow: Selenium tests can be slow to execute, especially when running tests on multiple browsers and platforms.
•         Can be flaky: Selenium tests can be flaky, meaning they may fail intermittently without a clear reason, making it challenging to identify the root cause of failures. 

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Selenium

Selenium

Selenium is one of the most popular open source Web UI (User Interface) automation testing tool. Jason Huggins was originally developed in 2004. Selenium supports automation across different browsers, platforms and programming languages. On operating systems like Windows, Linux, Solaris, and Macintosh, Selenium can be simply installed.

Selenium is an open-source suite of tools for automating web browsers, which can be used for testing web applications, scraping websites, or automating repetitive tasks in a browser. It is primarily used for automating tests for web applications and supports multiple programming languages, including Python, Java, C#, and Ruby.

Selenium consists of several components:

1. Selenium WebDriver: an API that allows users to write scripts that interact with a browser as a user would.

2. Selenium Grid: a tool that enables parallel execution of tests across multiple machines, allowing for large scale, distributed testing.

3. Selenium IDE: a browser plugin that provides an easy-to-use interface for creating and running Selenium tests.

Selenium can be used with various browser types, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer, and can be run on various operating systems, including Windows, macOS, and Linux. Additionally, Selenium integrates with various testing frameworks, such as JUnit, TestNG, and Mocha.

Automation Testing:- 

Automation testing is a method of testing software applications where tests are executed automatically, without manual intervention. The aim of automation testing is to increase efficiency, speed up the testing process, and improve overall software quality by detecting and fixing defects early in the development process.

There are various tools and frameworks available for automating tests, including Selenium, Appium, TestComplete, and many others. You can create test scripts using these tools in a number of different programming languages, including Java, Python, C#, and others.

The tests can range from simple unit tests that test individual code components to complex end-to-end tests that cover multiple components and interactions. Automated tests can also be integrated with continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines to ensure that tests are executed every time new code is committed or deployed.

However, it's important to note that automation testing is not a replacement for manual testing, as manual testing still plays a critical role in the testing process. Automation testing should be seen as a complement to manual testing, helping to increase the speed, efficiency, and reliability of the testing process.

Automation Testing Life Cycle

Automation Testing Life Cycle is a process that outlines the steps involved in automating the testing of software applications. It typically involves the following stages:

Test Planning: This stage involves defining the scope of testing, identifying the objectives and goals of the test, and determining the testing strategy. This includes identifying the testing tools and framework to be used, selecting the automation testing team, and creating a test plan.

Test Design: In this stage, the automation testers create test cases and test scripts based on the requirements and specifications of the software application. The test cases are designed to cover all possible scenarios, including both positive and negative test cases.

Test Development: This stage involves the actual development of the automation scripts. The automation testers use a chosen scripting language and automation tool to create automated test scripts that can execute the test cases.

Test Execution: In this stage, the automated tests are run against the software application. The automation testers execute the automated test scripts and generate reports that provide information on the pass/fail status of each test case.

Test Reporting: After test execution, the automation testers generate reports that provide a detailed summary of the test results. The reports should provide an overview of the testing process, including the test objectives, testing strategy, test cases, test execution, and results.

Test Maintenance: The automation testers must maintain the automated test scripts and ensure they remain up-to-date with any changes made to the software application. This includes updating test scripts, fixing defects, and incorporating new test cases as necessary.

By following the Automation Testing Life Cycle, organizations can ensure that the automation testing process is well-defined, consistent, and efficient, thereby reducing the time and effort required for software testing while improving the quality of the software application.

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Grey-Box Testing

 Grey-Box Testing:-  Grey-box testing is a type of software testing that combines both black-box and white-box testing methods. Grey-box testing involves having knowledge of the internal structure and design of the system being tested, but not necessarily all the details. This allows for a more thorough testing, as the tester can focus on specific areas of the system that may be more prone to errors. Examples of grey-box testing include testing of software libraries, APIs, and other components that have well-defined interfaces but complex internal structures.

Context-specific mistakes that pertain to web systems are frequently found throughout this process. By focusing on every layer of any complicated system, it broadens the testing coverage.

In simple way, Software testing technique known as "Grey Box Testing" combines both White Box Testing and Black Box Testing.

•  Internal structure (code) is known in White Box testing
• Internal structure (code) is unknown in black box testing.
• and only partially known in grey box testing.

Grey box testing example:- When testing links or orphan links on websites, if the tester finds any issues, he can immediately make the necessary modifications in the HTML code and retest.

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