In software development, the terms error, defect/Bug, and failure are generally used together. Many people suppose these words mean the same thing, but actually they are different. Let’s understand them in simple words.
1. Error
An error is a human mistake made during the software
development process. It happens when a developer, tester, or analyst does
something wrong.
This could be:
- Misunderstanding
a requirement
- Writing
incorrect logic
- Using
a wrong formula
- Making
a typing mistake in the code
In simple words, an error is an incorrect human action.
For example, if a developer writes the wrong calculation
formula in a banking application, that is an error.
2. Defect (Bug)
A defect (also called a bug) is the result of an error found
in the software. When the code with an error is tested, and it does not behave
as expected, the tester identifies and reports it as a defect.
In short:
An error is made by a human → when it is found in the software, it becomes a
defect.
For example, if the banking application calculates interest
incorrectly because of a wrong formula, the tester will report it as a defect.
3. Failure
A failure happens when the software does not perform as
expected in real use. This usually occurs when a defect is not fixed and the
software is released to customers.
In simple words, failure is when the system actually breaks
or gives wrong output while running.
For example, if customers see wrong interest calculations in
the live banking system, that is a failure.
Relationship Between Error, Defect, and Failure
The connection between them is very simple:
Error (human mistake) → Defect (problem in software) →
Failure (problem experienced by user)
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